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References

The following list of references includes key sources directly cited throughout this kit, providing further context and support for the material discussed. The older of these references draw from pioneering research on domestic and family violence, offering foundational insights into the topic.

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Ainsworth et al.

Ainsworth, MDS, Blehar, MC, Waters, E & Wall, S 1978, Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the Strange Situation. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Erblaum.

Annie E. Casey Foundation

Annie E. Casey Foundation 2012, Icebreaker meetings: A tool for building relationships between birth and foster parents. Available at: https://www.aecf.org/resources/icebreaker-meetings/

Australian Human Rights Commission

Australian Human Rights Commission, 2014, Face the facts: Children’s rights. Available at: https://www.humanrights.gov.au/face-facts-childrens-rights

Berk

Berk, L, 2000, Child Development, 5th ed., Allyn & Bacon, Boston.

Bowlby

Bowlby, J, 1969, reprinted 1982, Attachment and Loss: Vol. 1 Attachment. New York: Basic Books.

Bromfield

Bromfield LM, Gillingham P, & Higgins DJ, 2007. Cumulative harm and chronic maltreatment. Developing Practice, 19, Winter/Spring, 34-42.

Calvert

Calvert, G, 2000, Participation, speech at World Forum 2000, Sydney.

Campbell

Campbell, Kevin, 2018, Samaritans hosts Family Finding Leader. Retrieved from: https://www.samaritans.org.au/news_article/samaritans-hosts-family-finding-leader/ accessed on November 2025.

Child Welfare Information Gateway (a)

Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2011, Family reunification: What the evidence shows. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Children's Bureau. Retrieved from: www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/issue_briefs/family_reunification accessed on November 2025.

Child Welfare Information Gateway (b)

Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2012, Concurrent planning: What the evidence shows (Issue Brief). Retrieved from: https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/issue_briefs/parallel_evidence/ accessed on November 2025.

Child Welfare Information Gateway (c)

Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2018, Concurrent planning for timely permanence. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, Children’s Bureau.

Child Welfare Information Gateway (d)

Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2020, The importance of a trauma-informed child welfare system. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Children's Bureau. Retrieved from: https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubPDFs/trauma_informed.pdf accessed on November 2025.

Child Welfare Information Gateway (e)

Child Welfare Information Gateway, n.d, Concurrent Planning. Retrieved from: https://www.childwelfare.gov/topics/permanency/planning/concurrent/ accessed on November 2025.

Commission for Children and Young People

Commission for Children and Young People (NSW) 2003, Participation: Meeting together - deciding together. Kids participating in case-planning decisions that affect their lives. pp. 7-9, 2225. Commission for Children and Young People (NSW).

CREATE Foundation

CREATE Foundation, 2000, Consultation and participation models for children and young people in care. Retrieved from: www.create.org.au accessed on November 2025.

Cripps and Laurens

Cripps, K and Laurens, J, 2016, The protection of cultural identity in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children exiting from statutory out of home care via permanent care orders: Further observations on the risk of cultural disconnection to inform a policy and legislative reform framework. Australian Indigenous Law Review, 19(1), pp. 70-87.

DePanfilis, D

DePanfilis, D, 2006, Child Neglect: A Guide for Prevention, Assessment, and Intervention (Child abuse and neglect user manual series). Retrieved from: https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubPDFs/neglect.pdf accessed on November 2025.

Department of Child Safety, Youth and Women and Encompass Family and Community

Department of Child Safety, Youth and Women and Encompass Family and Community, 2018, Safety and support networks and high intensity responses. Brisbane: Department of Child Safety, Youth and Women.

Department of Health and Human Services (a)

Department of Health and Human Services, 2016, Family reunification – advice. Child Protection Manual. Retrieved from: https://www.cpmanual.vic.gov.au/advice-and-protocols/advice/case-planning/family-reunification-advice accessed on November 2025.

Department of Health and Human Services (b)

Department of Health and Human Services, 2020, Reunification assessment tool. Child Protection Manual. Retrieved from: https://www.cpmanual.vic.gov.au/advice-and-protocols/tools-checklists/assessment-tools/reunification-assessment-tool accessed on November 2025.

Farmer

Farmer, E, 2018, Reunification from out-of-home care: A research overview of good practice in returning children home from care. University of Bristol. Retrieved from: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/sps/research/projects/completed/2016/returninghome accessed on November 2025.

Family Matters

Family Matters, 2016, What is the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Child Placement Principle? Retrieved from: https://www.familymatters.org.au/aboriginal-torres-strait-islander-child-placement-principle/ accessed on November 2025.

Freundlich (a)

Freundlich M, Avery RJ, Gerstenzang S, & Munson S, 2006 (a), ‘Permanency options and goals: Considering multifaceted definitions’, Child & Youth Care Forum, 35(5-6), 355-374.

Freundlich (b)

Freundlich, M, Avery, RJ, Munson, S, & Gerstenzang, S, 2006 (b), ‘The meaning of permanency in child welfare: Multiple stakeholder perspectives’, Children and Youth Services Review, 28, 741-760.

G-Force

G-Force, 2015, Children & Young People’s Participation Strategy. Retrieved from: https://create.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/2.7-CYP-Participation-Strategy.pdf accessed on November 2025.

Howe et al.

Howe, D, Brandon, M, Hinings, D, & Schofield, G, 1999, Attachment theory, child maltreatment and family support: Assessment and intervention. London: Macmillan.

Iannos and Antcliff

Iannos, M., and Antcliff, G, 2013, The application of motivational interviewing techniques for engaging ‘resistant’ families. Child Family Community Australia Practitioner Resource. Retrieved from: https://aifs.gov.au/cfca/publications/application-motivational-interviewing-techniques-engaging-resistant accessed on November 2025.

Jackson and McConachy

Jackson, A and McConachy, J, 2014, Neither here nor there: Revisiting reunification. Melbourne: Berry Street Childhood Institute. Retrieved from: https://learning.berrystreet.org.au/sites/default/files/2018-05/Neither-Here-Nor-There.pdf accessed on November 2025.

Jordon and Sketchley

Jordon B, & Sketchley R, 2009, A stitch in time saves nine. Preventing and responding to the abuse and neglect of infants. Child Abuse Prevention Issues. National Child Protection Clearinghouse, 30, Australian Institute of Family Studies.

Main and Solomon

Main, M & Solomon, J, 1990, ‘Procedures for identifying infants as disorganized/disoriented during the Ainsworth Strange Situation’, in M. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & M. Cummings (eds.), Attachment in the preschool years, (pp. 121–160). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Maluccio et al.

Maluccio AN, Fein E & Olmstead KA, 1986, Permanency planning for children: Concepts and methods. New York, Routledge, Chapman, and Hall.

McDonald

McDonald TP, Poertner J & Jennings MA, 2007, ‘Permanency for children in foster care: A competing risks analysis’, Journal of Social Service Research, 33(4), 45–56.

McDowall

McDowall, J 2015, Sibling placement and contact in out-of-home care. Sydney: CREATE Foundation. Retrieved from: https://create.org.au/wpcontent/uploads/2014/12/Sibling-Report_LR.pdf accessed on November 2025.

McIntosh

McIntosh J, 1999, ‘Therapeutic transitions in out of home care’, Children Australia, 24(4), 29–33.

McLean (a)

McLean, S, 2016, Children’s attachment needs in the context of out-of-home care. CFCA Practice Resource. Retrieved from: https://aifs.gov.au/cfca/publications/childrens-attachment-needs-context-out-home-care accessed on November 2025.

McLean (b)

McLean, S, 2013, ‘Attachment theory: From concept to support for children in out-of-home care’, in F. Arney & D. Scott (eds.), Working with vulnerable families: A partnership approach (2nd ed.), pp. 194–212. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.

McLean (c)

McLean, S, 2016, The effect of trauma on the brain development of children—Evidence-based principles for supporting the recovery of children in care. CFCA Practice Resource. Retrieved from: https://aifs.gov.au/cfca/publications/effect-trauma-brain-development-children accessed on November 2025.

Milani

Milani, L, 2014, Connections Out of Home Care: Submission to Community Affairs References Committee. Connections Uniting Care. Retrieved from: https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=515f5d15-d2c5-4a75-8c99-b5d94ab74bfe&subId=301169 accessed on November 2025.

NCCD Children’s Research Centre

NCCD Children’s Research Centre, 2018, Working toward permanency: Structured Decision Making Reunification Assessment-based work with families. Queensland Reunification Training: PowerPoint presentation.

National Centre for Child Welfare Excellence

National Centre for Child Welfare Excellence (n.d.), A web based concurrent planning toolkit. Retrieved from: http://www.nccwe.org/toolkits/concurrent-planning/overview.htm accessed on November 2025.

Osmond and Tilbury

Osmond J, & Tilbury C, 2012, Permanency planning concepts. Children Australia, 37(3), 100–107.

Panozzo et al.

Panozzo, S; Osborn, A & Bromfield, L, 2007, Issues relating to reunification. Research Brief (5), Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies. Retrieved from: https://aifs.gov.au/cfca/publications/issues-relating-reunification accessed on November 2025.

Schene

Schene, P, 2001, Implementing concurrent planning: A handbook for child welfare administrators. Maine: National Child Welfare Resource Centre for Organisational Improvement, University of Southern Maine. Retrieved from: http://muskie.usm.maine.edu/helpkids/rcpdfs/concurrent.pdf accessed on November 2025.

SNAICC (a)

SNAICC, 2018, The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Child Placement Principle: A guide to support implementation. Australia: Department of Social Services. Retrieved from: https://www.qatsicpp.com.au/images/edm_feb_2019/ATSICPP-resource_final-Dec2018-SNAICC-CPP.pdf accessed on November 2025.

SNAICC (b)

SNAICC, 2019, The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Child Placement Principle: A guide to support implementation. SNAICC. Retrieved from: https://www.snaicc.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/928_SNAICC-ATSICPP-resource-June2019.pdf accessed on November 2025.

Stott and Gustavsson

Stott, T and Gustavsson, N, 2010, Balancing permanency and stability for youth in foster care. Child and Youth Services Review, 32, pp. 619-625.

Tarren-Sweeney

Tarren-Sweeney M, 2008, Retrospective and concurrent predictors of the mental health of children in care. Children and Youth Services Review, 30(1), 1-25.

Teicher et al.

Teicher MH, Andersen SL, Polcari A, Anderson CM, Navalta CP, & Kim DM, 2003, The neurobiological consequences of early stress and childhood maltreatment. Neuroscience and Biobehavioural Reviews, 27, 33-44.

Tilbury et al.

Tilbury C, Osmond J, Wilson S, & Clark J, 2007, Good Practice in Child Protection. Pearson Education, Frenchs Forest.

Tilbury and Osmond

Tilbury, C and Osmond, J, 2006, Permanency planning in foster care: A research review and guidelines for practitioners. Australian Social Work, 59:3, pp. 265-280. DOI: 10.1080/03124070600833055.

Twardosz and Lutzker

Twardosz S & Lutzker JR, 2010, Child maltreatment and the developing brain: A review of neuroscience perspectives. Aggression and Violent Behaviour, 15, 59-68.

Wall

Wall, L; Higgins, D & Hunter, C, 2016, Trauma-informed care in child/family welfare services. CFCA Paper 37. Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies. Retrieved from: https://aifs.gov.au/cfca/sites/default/files/publication-documents/cfca37-trauma-informed-practice.pdf accessed on November 2025.

Watson

Watson, J, 2011, Resistance is futile? Exploring the potential of motivational interviewing. Journal of Social Work Practice, 25 (5), pp. 465-479.

Wilkins and Farmer

Wilkins, M and Farmer, E, 2015, Reunification: an evidence-informed framework for return home practice. London: NSPCC. Retrieved from: https://learning.nspcc.org.uk/media/1095/reunification-practice-framework-guidance.pdf accessed on November 2025.

Wulczyn

Wulczyn, F, 1999, Family reunification. Children, Families and Foster care, 14(1), pp. 94-113.

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