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References

The following list of references includes key sources directly cited throughout this kit, providing further context and support for the material discussed. The older of these references draw from pioneering research on domestic and family violence, offering foundational insights into the topic.

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Australian Bureau of Statistics

Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2021, Religious affiliation (RELP), Census Dictionary 2021. Retrieved from https://www.abs.gov.au/census/guide-census-data/census-dictionary/2021/variables-topic/cultural-diversity/religious-affiliation-relp accessed November 2025.   

Australian Institute of Family Studies

Australian Institute of Family Studies, 2019, Child protection and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, Child Family Community Australia Resource Sheet. Retrieved from https://aifs.gov.au/cfca/publications/child-protection-and-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-children accessed November 2025.  

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2018, National framework for protecting Australia’s children indicators (CWS 62). Retrieved from https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/child-protection/nfpac/contents/national-framework-indicators-data-visualisations/4-2-placement-stability accessed November 2025.  

Australians Together (a)

Australians Together, 2017, Intergenerational trauma: Why many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians can’t simply ‘get over it’ and ‘move on’. Retrieved from https://australianstogether.org.au/discover/the-wound/intergenerational-trauma/ accessed November 2025.  

Australians Together (b)

Australians Together, 2017, The importance of land. Retrieved from [https://australianstogether.org.au/discover/Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander-culture/the-importance-of-land/](https://australianstogether.org.au/discover/Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander-culture/the-importance-of-land/) accessed November 2025.  

Cashmore et al.

Cashmore J & O’Brien A, 2001, Facilitating participation of children and young people in care, Child Abuse and Neglect, 26(4), 10–15.

Department of Child Safety, Youth and Women (a)

Department of Child Safety Youth and Women, 2015, Intensive Practice Module Series, Brisbane: Queensland Government.

Department of Child Safety, Youth and Women (b)

Department of Child Safety Youth and Women, 2015, Trauma diagram, Intensive Practice Module Series, Brisbane: Queensland Government.

Department of Communities, Child Safety and Disability Services

Department of Communities Child Safety and Disability Services, 2015, Intensive Practice Module Series, Brisbane: Queensland Government.

Department of Health and Human Services

Department of Health and Human Services, 2018, Child Protection Manual. Retrieved from https://www.cpmanual.vic.gov.au/advice-and-protocols/advice/children-specific-circumstances/high-risk-youth accessed November 2025.  

headspace

Headspace, 2018, What is gender identity? Retrieved from https://headspace.org.au/young-people/gender-identity-and-mental-health accessed November 2025.  

Heifetz

Heifetz R, 1994, Technical Problems Adaptive Challenges and Approaches to Learning, in Department of Communities Child Safety and Disability Services, 2015, Intensive Practice Model Series, Brisbane: Queensland Government.

Heyes et al.

Heyes N, Smart J, Walton B, Goldsworthy K, Scott D, Nair L & Lamont A, 2018, Children in care, Australian Institute of Family Studies. Retrieved from https://aifs.gov.au/cfca/publications/children-care accessed November 2025.  

Hojer et al.

Hojer I, Sebba J & Luke N, 2013, An International Literature Review of the Impact of Fostering on Foster Carers’ Children, Better Care Network. Retrieved from https://bettercarenetwork.org/library/the-continuum-of-care/foster-care/an-international-literature-review-of-the-impact-of-fostering-on-foster-carers%C2%80%C2%99-children accessed November 2025.  

Iannos et al.

Iannos M & Antcliff G, 2013, The application of motivational interviewing techniques for engaging ‘resistant’ families, Child Family Community Australia Practitioner Resource. Retrieved from https://aifs.gov.au/cfca/publications/application-motivational-interviewing-techniques-engaging-resistant accessed November 2025.  

Institute of Family Studies

Institute of Family Studies, Trauma-informed care in child and family welfare services. Retrieved from https://aifs.gov.au/cfca/publications/trauma-informed-care-child-family-welfare-services accessed November 2025.  

Kalinin et al.

Kalinin, D, Gilroy, J, and Pinckham, S. (2018). The needs of carers of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and young people in foster care in Australia: A systemic literature review, Macquarie University and The University of Sydney. Sydney. Retrieved from: http://sydney.edu.au/health-sciences/cdrp/publications/technical-reports/The_Needs_of_Carers_of_Aboriginal_and_Torres_Strait_Islander_Children_July%202018.pdf 

Kezelman et al.

Kezelman C & Stavropoulos P, 2012, Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Complex Trauma and Trauma Informed Care and Service Delivery, Adults Surviving Child Abuse, Kirribilli.

McCrindle Research Pty Ltd.

McCrindle Research Pty Ltd, 2019, Five factors defining Generation Z. Retrieved from https://mccrindle.com.au/insights/blog/five-factors-defining-generation-z/ accessed November 2025.

McDowall (a)

McDowall J, 2016, Connection to Culture by Indigenous Children and Young People in Out-of-Home Care in Australia, Communities Children and Families Australia, 10(1), 5–26. Retrieved from https://create.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/2016-McDowall-CCFA-101.pdf accessed November 2025.  

McDowall (b)

McDowall J, 2013, Participation of children and young people in decision-making in out-of-home care in Australia, Developing Practice, Spring, (36), 41–51. Retrieved from https://create.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Participation-of-Children-and-Young-people-in-decsion-making-in-OOHC-2013.pdf accessed November 2025.  

McDowall (c)

McDowall J, 2018, Out-of-home care in Australia: Children and young people’s views after five years of National Standards, Sydney: CREATE Foundation. Retrieved from https://create.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/CREATE-OOHC-In-Care-2018-Report.pdf accessed November 2025.  

McDowall (d) 

McDowall J, 2015, Sibling placement and contact in out-of-home care, CREATE Foundation, Sydney. Retrieved from: https://create.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Sibling-Report_LR.pdf accessed October 2025. 

McIntosh

McIntosh J, 1999, Therapeutic transitions in out-of-home care, Children Australia, 24(4), 29–33.

McLean

McLean S, 2016, Children’s attachment needs in the context of out-of-home care, Child Family Community Australia Practice Resource.

Noble-Carr et al.

Noble-Carr D, Farnham J & Dean C, 2014, Needs and Experiences of Biological Children of Foster Carers: A Scoping Study, Canberra: Institute of Child Protection Studies, Australian Catholic University. Retrieved from https://staff.acu.edu.au/_data/assets/pdf_file/0015/712032/Final_report-_needs_and_experiences_of_biological_children_of_foster_carers,_a_scoping_study.pdf accessed November 2025.  

Osborn et al.

Osborn A, Panozzo S, Richardson N & Bromfield L, 2007, Foster families, NCPC Brief No. 4, Australian Institute of Family Studies. Retrieved from https://aifs.gov.au/cfca/publications/foster-families accessed November 2025.  

Ounce of Prevention Fund Publication

Ounce of Prevention Fund Publication, 1996, Chicago. Retrieved from www.ounceofprevention.org accessed November 2025.  

PeakCare Queensland

PeakCare Queensland, 2019, Hope and Healing - Queensland framework for working with children and young people living in residential care. Retrieved from http://peakcare.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Hope-and-Healing-Framework-1-May-2019.pdf accessed November 2025.  

Queensland Child Protection Commission of Inquiry

Queensland Child Protection Commission of Inquiry, 2013, Taking Responsibility: A Roadmap for Queensland Child Protection. Retrieved from http://www.childprotectioninquiry.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/202625/qcpci-final-report-web-version.pdf accessed November 2025.   

Robinson et al.

Robinson E & Miller R, 2012, Adolescents and their families, Victorian series of specialist practice resources, p. 11. Retrieved from https://www.cpmanual.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/Adolescents%20%26%20their%20families%20specialist%20practice%20resource%202012%203003%20.pdf accessed October 2025. 

Thomson et al.

Thomson L, McArthur M & Barry E, 2017, Recruiting and retaining foster carers, Research to Practice Series, 16, Canberra: Institute of Child Protection Studies, Australian Catholic University.

UNICEF

UNICEF, 2019, Convention on the Rights of the Child. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/child-rights-convention accessed November 2025.  

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